Institute of Neuroscience Menu

Abstract:  From object detection to successful prey capture, insect aerial predators gather appropriate cues, make fast decisions and translate them into precise motor commands. To compensate for biological delays and noisy data, some dragonflies and robber fly species employ predictive strategies, in addition to visual feedback. Aerial predation therefore presents as an ideal substrate to investigate how animals with very limited resources deal with uncertainty in decision-making. In this talk, I will focus on the strategies that predatory aerial insects use when deciding whether to attack an object. In particular, we will compare the temporal and depth cues used by robber flies and damselflies. I will link the behavior to the neural and morphological adaptations, and discuss how they match particular ecological niches and evolutionary paths.  

Fly Systems Laboratory

Bio:  Paloma grew up in Malaga, a coastal city in southern Spain. She obtained her undergraduate degree from the University of Queensland (Australia; 2000- 2002) majoring in Zoology and Marine Biology. While at UQ, Paloma was an undergraduate in the Justin Marshall laboratory, part of what was the Vision, Touch and Hearing Research Centre (VTHRC), directed by Jack Pettigrew. During her PhD (U. of Sheffield, UK. 2006-2009) she studied the neural basis of visually guided predation in killer flies. For her work on the adaptations that can make a miniature fly deadly she received the Capranica Prize from the Society for Neuroethology. During a short postdoc at Janelia HHMI Campus (2010-2011), she studied the neural basis of predation on dragonflies, and was awarded the PNAS Cozzarelli prize for this work. A dream opportunity arose: to study the neural basis of camouflage on cephalopods at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL, MA). During her time at the MBL (2011-2013), in the Roger Hanlon Laboratory, she discovered a nerve that controls the tunable skin iridescence present in squid skin, and demonstrated that cuttlefish achieve texture in their skin with combinations of ‘catch-like’ muscles. In 2013 she started her own laboratory, the Fly Systems Lab, at the University of Cambridge (UK), which she moved to U. Minnesota in 2018. Her laboratory continues the focus on high quality, integrative and comparative work on predatory aerial insects, and was recently awarded the outstanding paper prize for Fabian et al. 2022, a study of interception through obstacles. In addition to her flight work, Paloma continues to work on cephalopods via collaborative efforts with the Wardill laboratory. 

Large-scale genomic studies have uncovered numerous genes linked to schizophrenia and autism. However, the specific impact of these genes on brain development and function remains unclear. Using optimized pipelines for high-throughput whole-brain activity mapping and behavioral profiling, we have established larval zebrafish phenotypes of mutants for genes linked to autism, childhood-onset schizophrenia, and typical schizophrenia. Human mutations modeled in zebrafish include protein truncation, amino acid substitution, or copy number variation. Using brain activity mapping, we uncovered convergent phenotypes for genes involved in autism, as well as commonly affected brain areas. For several lines, we used RNA sequencing to define molecular drivers of the observed phenotypes, identifying targetable disruptions in neuropeptide signaling, neuronal maturation, and cell proliferation. Beyond the larval screen, we discovered abnormal social interaction at 21 dpf for three mutants for autism-linked genes and identified possibly involved pathways using RNA-sequencing. Ultimately, we expect in-depth studies of these zebrafish lines to nominate downstream targets of disease genes for rational drug development.

thymelab.org

This seminar was rescheduled to the NCS timeslot at 4pm in LISB 217.  Please join us! 

Animal behavior contains rich structure across many timescales, but there is a dearth of methods for the identification of relevant long run behavioral components. Inspired by the goals and techniques of genome-wide association studies, I will present our development of a data-driven method—the choice-wide behavioral association study: CBAS—that systematically identifies such behavioral features. CBAS breaks down the actions of subjects into all sequences of choices during behavior, then uses powerful, resampling-based, multiple comparisons methods to identify the sequences that either differ significantly between groups or significantly correlate with a covariate of interest. I will show that CBAS works across different tasks and species (flies, rats, and humans). I will then focus on our application of CBAS to compare WT rats to those haploinsufficient for a high-confidence, large effect, autism spectrum disorder risk gene (Scn2a^+/-). CBAS identifies specific and consistent ways that Scn2a haploinsufficient rats differ throughout all phases of learning a spatial alternation task, and CBAS shows that Scn2a^+/- rats differentially rely on their hippocampus for behavior. Through identifying relevant choices during behavior, CBAS provides a uniquely informative framework to interpret neural function and its changes in the context of disease processes.

David Kastner Profile at UCSF

Abstract
How does music processing relate to social cognition? This presentation discusses recent research in the social and affective neuroscience of music listening, specifically how music relates to empathy. Reporting results from recent experiments examining the effects of individual differences in trait empathy and empathic accuracy on music processing (using neuroimaging and behavioral techniques), I argue that empathic processes are as essential to musical behaviors as they are to our navigation of the social world. Recent evidence suggests that certain aspects of music may have piggybacked on neural architecture that originally evolved for social interaction. I close with a brief discussion of some exciting future developments at the interface of music cognition and empathy research.

Bio
Zachary Wallmark is Associate Professor and Area Chair of Musicology at the University of Oregon, where he also holds an affiliate faculty appointment with the Center for Translational Neuroscience. Working at the intersection of the cognitive sciences and musicology, Wallmark’s research seeks to account for social cognitive dimensions of musical practices, focusing on the role of timbre in affective response, aesthetic judgment, and music sociology, particularly in the context of post-1945 American popular music. He is author of Nothing but Noise: Timbre and Musical Meaning at the Edge (Oxford, 2022) and co-editor of the AMS Solie Award-winning volume, The Relentless Pursuit of Tone: Timbre in Popular Music (Oxford, 2018), among numerous articles in both humanistic and scientific journals. His work has been supported by the NEH and the Grammy Museum Foundation.

Zachary Wallmark Profile

Abstract: Learned associations between stimuli in different sensory modalities can shape the way we perceive these stimuli (Mcgurk and Macdonald, 1976). During audio-visual associative learning, auditory cortex has been shown to underlie multi-modal plasticity in visual cortex (McIntosh et al., 1998; Zangenehpour and Zatorre, 2010). However, how processing in visual cortex is altered when an auditory stimulus signals a visual event and what the neural mechanisms are that mediate such experience-dependent audio-visual associations is not well understood. Here we describe a neural mechanism that contributes to shaping visual representations of behaviorally relevant stimuli through direct interactions between auditory and visual cortices. We show that auditory association with a visual stimulus leads to an experience-dependent suppression of visual responses in visual cortex. This suppression of the predictable visual stimulus response is driven in part by input from auditory cortex. By recording from auditory cortex axons in visual cortex, we find that these axons carry a mixture of auditory and retinotopically matched visual input. Moreover, optogenetic stimulation of auditory cortex axons in visual cortex selectively suppresses the neurons responsive to the associated visual stimulus after, but not before, learning. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that cross-modal associations can be stored in long-range cortical connections and that with learning these cross-modal connections function to suppress the responses to predictable input. 

Garner Lab

Please join us on Wednesday April 10^th  for a special seminar with Dr. Kelsey Anbuhl a postdoc at the Center for Neural Science at New York University. Kelsey is the selected Spotlight Seminar speaker based on community nominations and the event is supported by a UO Biology DEI grant. She will give a 50 min. research seminar at 3 pm in Willamette 110 on her work investigating the cognitive and perceptual consequences of adolescent hearing loss.

The talk will be targeted at a broad science audience!

At 4 pm in Onyx 275 we will also host a Q&A for trainees with Kelsey and she will talk about her career trajectory and how her own experience with hearing loss inspired her research. See flyer for additional details and we hope to see you there!