Natural visual processing entails a complex interplay between sensory input, behavioral context, and on-going brain dynamics. Our lab seeks to understand how these processes give rise to goal-directed visual behaviors, using the mouse as a model system. As a complement to studying visual processing in trained tasks, we are now exploring the neural circuits mediating ethologically relevant behaviors that laboratory mice perform. In particular, our studies of prey capture have provided insight into behavioral strategies and neural circuits for detection of salient stimuli within a complex and dynamic sensory environment. We are also implementing novel experimental approaches to investigate neural coding of the visual scene as animals freely move through their environment and engage in natural behaviors. Finally, I will present a new research direction studying the completely different, yet largely unexplored, visual system of the octopus.